![]() Connective tissue: interosseous membrane of the forearm, annular ligament of the radius.Ulna: composed of the olecranon process, coronoid process, ulnar shaft, and distal ulna (including ulnar styloid).Radius: composed of the radial head, radial shaft, and distal radius (including radial styloid). ![]() ![]() Relevant anatomy Important musculoskeletal structures Management varies depending on the age group and fracture characteristics, and includes a thorough neurovascular assessment, acute immobilization, pain management, and referral to orthopedics for definitive open reduction and internal fixation ( ORIF) or closed reduction and casting.įor more details on fractures involving the distal radius, see “ Distal radius fractures.” Evaluation includes imaging of the forearm wrist and elbow imaging are added for moderate to severe injuries. Clinical presentation is typically characterized by pain near the fracture site, gross deformity, and swelling. The mechanism of injury can be low-energy, such as a fall on an outstretched hand ( FOOSH), or high-energy, such as a motor vehicle collision ( MVC). Fractures of the forearm bones at the elbow level include radial head fractures and olecranon fractures, while those at the wrist level include distal radius fractures. Important forearm fracture patterns include complete forearm fractures, Galeazzi fractures, and Monteggia fractures. Fractures of the radius and/or ulna occur frequently.
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